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Why Did the Yogurt Go to the Art Gallery

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Stealing of paintings or sculptures from museums

Art theft, sometimes called artnapping, is the stealing of paintings, sculptures, or other forms of visual art from galleries, museums or other public and private locations. Stolen art is oftentimes resold or used by criminals as collateral to secure loans.[1] But a small per centum of stolen art is recovered—an estimated 10%.[two] Many nations operate police squads to investigate art theft and illegal merchandise in stolen fine art and antiquities.[3]

Some famous art theft cases include the robbery of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in 1911 by employee Vincenzo Peruggia.[iv] Another was theft of The Scream, stolen from the Munch Museum in 2004, but recovered in 2006.[5] The largest-value art theft occurred at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, when thirteen works, worth a combined $500 one thousand thousand were stolen in 1990. The case remains unsolved.

Individual theft [edit]

Many thieves are motivated by the fact that valuable fine art pieces are worth millions of dollars and weigh simply a few kilograms at virtually. Also, while most loftier-profile museums have extremely tight security, many places with multimillion-dollar art collections have unduly poor security measures.[half-dozen] That makes them susceptible to thefts that are slightly more complicated than a typical smash-and-grab, but offer a huge potential payoff. Thieves sometimes target works based on their own familiarity with the artist, rather than the artist's reputation in the art world or the theoretical value of the piece of work.[vii]

Unfortunately for the thieves, it is extremely difficult to sell the most famous and valuable works without getting defenseless, considering any interested buyer will near certainly know the work is stolen and advert it risks someone contacting the authorities. It is besides difficult for the heir-apparent to display the work to visitors without information technology existence recognized as stolen, thus defeating much of the point of owning the art. Many famous works have instead been held for ransom from the legitimate owner or even returned without ransom, due to the lack of black-market customers. Returning for ransom as well risks a sting operation.[7]

For those with substantial collections, such as the Marquess of Cholmondeley at Houghton Hall, the chance of theft is neither negligible nor negotiable.[8] Jean-Baptiste Oudry's White Duck was stolen from the Cholmondeley collection at Houghton Hall in 1990. The canvass is still missing.[9]

Prevention in museums [edit]

Museums tin can take numerous measures to prevent the theft of artworks include having enough guides or guards to watch displayed items, avoiding situations where security-camera sightlines are blocked, and fastening paintings to walls with hanging wires that are not too sparse and with locks.[ten]

Art theft teaching [edit]

The Smithsonian Institution sponsors the National Briefing on Cultural Property Protection, held annually in Washington, D. C. The briefing is aimed at professionals in the field of cultural holding protection.

Since 1996, the Netherlands-based Museum Security Network has disseminated news and information related to issues of cultural property loss and recovery. Since its founding the Museum Security Network has collected and disseminated over 45,000 reports most incidents with cultural property. The founder of the Museum Security Network, Ton Cremers, is recipient of the National Conference on Cultural Property Protection Robert Burke Laurels.

2007 saw the foundation of the Association for Research into Crimes against Art (ARCA). ARCA is a nonprofit think tank dedicated principally to raising the contour of fine art offense (art forgery and vandalism, as well as theft) equally an academic subject. Since 2009, ARCA has offered an unaccredited postgraduate certificate program dedicated to this field of study. The Postgraduate Certificate Programme in Fine art Law-breaking and Cultural Heritage Protection is held from June to August every yr in Italian republic. A few American universities, including New York University, also offer courses on fine art theft.

Recovery [edit]

In the public sphere, Interpol, the FBI Art Crime Team, London'due south Metropolitan Police Art and Antiques Unit, New York Police Department'southward special frauds team[3] and a number of other law enforcement agencies worldwide maintain "squads" defended to investigating thefts of this nature and recovering stolen works of art.

According to Robert King Wittman, a former FBI agent who led the Art Crime Team until his retirement in 2008, the unit of measurement is very pocket-sized compared with similar law-enforcement units in Europe, and most art thefts investigated past the FBI involve agents at local offices who handle routine belongings theft. "Art and antiquity crime is tolerated, in part, considering it is considered a victimless crime," Wittman said in 2010.[10]

In response to a growing public sensation of art theft and recovery, a number of not-for-profit and private companies now deed both to record information about losses and oversee recovery efforts for claimed works of art. Amidst the most notable are:

  • IFAR
  • Committee for Looted Art in Europe
  • Holocaust Claims Conference
  • Art Loss Register
  • Art Recovery Group

In January 2017, Spain's Interior Ministry building announced that law from 18 European countries, with the support of Interpol, Europol, and Unesco, had arrested 75 people involved in an international network of art traffickers. The pan-European performance had begun in Oct, 2016 and led to the recovery of almost three,500 stolen items including archaeological artifacts and other artwork. The ministry did not provide an inventory of recovered items or the locations of the arrests.[11]

In 1969 the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism formed the Comando Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale (TPC), better known as the Carabinieri Art Team. In 1980, the TPC established the database Leonardo, with information nigh more than 1 million stolen artworks, and attainable to law enforcement agencies around the globe.[12]

In December 2021 Michael Steinhardt, an American hedge-fund billionaire, was ordered to surrender 180 looted and illegally smuggled antiquities valued at 70 million U.S. dollars. The antiquities will be returned to their rightful owners and Mr. Steinhardt is banned for life from acquiring any other relics.[thirteen]

Country theft, wartime looting and misappropriation by museums [edit]

From 1933 through the cease of World War Two, the Nazi authorities maintained a policy of looting art for auction or for removal to museums in the Third Reich. Hermann Göring, head of the Luftwaffe, personally took charge of hundreds of valuable pieces, generally stolen from Jews and other victims of the Holocaust.

In early 2011, about 1,500 art masterpieces, assumed to take been stolen by the Nazis during and before Globe War Ii, were confiscated from a private dwelling in Munich, Germany. The confiscation was non made public until November 2013.[14] With an estimated value of $one billion, their discovery is considered "astounding",[15] and includes works by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Marc Chagall, Paul Klee, Max Beckmann and Emil Nolde, all of which were considered lost.[16]

The looted, by and large Modernist fine art was banned by the Nazis when they came to ability, on the grounds that it was "un-German language" or Jewish Bolshevist in nature.[17] Descendants of Jewish collectors who were robbed of their works by the Nazis may be able to merits ownership of many of the works.[16] Members of the families of the original owners of these artworks accept, in many cases, persisted in challenge title to their pre-war holding.

The 1964 picture The Railroad train, starring Burt Lancaster, is based on the true story of works of art which had been placed in storage for protection in French republic during the war, only was looted by the Germans from French museums and private art collections, to exist shipped by train back to Germany. Another film, The Monuments Men (2014), co-produced, co-written and directed past George Clooney, is based on a similar true-life story. In this film, U.S. soldiers are tasked with saving over a meg pieces of art and other culturally of import items throughout Europe, earlier their devastation by Nazi plunder.

In 2006, after a protracted court battle in the United states and Austria (see Commonwealth of Austria five. Altmann), v paintings by Austrian artist Gustav Klimt were returned to Maria Altmann, the niece of pre-state of war owner, Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer. Two of the paintings were portraits of Altmann's aunt, Adele. The more than famous of the ii, the gold Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I, was sold in 2006 by Altmann and her co-heirs to philanthropist Ronald Lauder for $135 million. At the time of the sale, it was the highest known price ever paid for a painting. The remaining four restituted paintings were after sold at Christie's New York for over $190 million.

Because antiquities are often regarded by the country of origin as national treasures, there are numerous cases where artworks (often displayed in the acquiring country for decades) have become the subject of highly charged and political controversy. One prominent example is the instance of the Elgin Marbles, which were moved from the Parthenon to the British Museum in 1816 by the Earl of Elgin. Many different Greek governments have chosen for the repatriation of the marbles.[18]

Similar controversies have arisen over Etruscan, Aztec, and Italian artworks, with advocates of the originating countries generally alleging that the artifacts taken form a vital part of the countries cultural heritage. Yale University'southward Peabody Museum of Natural History is engaged (as of November 2006) in talks with the government of Peru about possible repatriation of artifacts taken during the excavation of Machu Picchu by Yale's Hiram Bingham. Likewise, the Chinese government considers Chinese art in foreign easily to be stolen and there may be a hole-and-corner repatriation effort underway.[19]

In 2006, New York'south Metropolitan Museum reached an agreement with Italy to return many disputed pieces. The Getty Museum in Los Angeles is as well involved in a series of cases of this nature. The artwork in question is of Greek and ancient Italian origin. The museum agreed on November xx, 2006, to return 26 contested pieces to Italy. One of the Getty's signature pieces, a statue of the goddess Aphrodite, is the bailiwick of particular scrutiny.

In January 2013, after investigations past Interpol, FBI and The U.Southward. Department of Homeland Security, police in Canada arrested John Tillmann for an enormous spate of art thefts. Information technology was later adamant that Tillmann in conjunction with his Russian wife, had for over 20 years stolen at least x,000 dissimilar art objects from museums, galleries, archives and shops around the world. While not the largest art heist in full dollar value, Tillmann'south case may exist the largest ever in number of objects stolen.

Famous cases of fine art theft [edit]

Case of art theft Dates Notes References
Louvre Baronial 21, 1911

Chief article: Mona Lisa § Theft and vandalism

Possibly the most famous example of art theft occurred on August 21, 1911, when the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre by employee Vincenzo Peruggia, who was caught after two years.

[4]
Panels from the Ghent Altarpiece 1934 2 panels of the fifteenth century Ghent Altarpiece, painted by the brothers Jan and Hubert Van Eyck were stolen in 1934, of which only i was recovered shortly afterwards the theft. The other one (lower left of the opened altarpiece, known equally De Rechtvaardige Rechters i.e. The Just Judges), has never been recovered, every bit the presumable thief (Arsène Goedertier), who had sent some anonymous letters request for ransom, died before revealing the whereabouts of the painting.
Nazi theft and looting of Europe during the Second Globe State of war 1939–1945

Principal article: Nazi plunder

The Nazi plundering of artworks was carried out by the Reichsleiter Rosenberg Plant for the Occupied Territories (Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg für dice Besetzen Gebiete). In occupied France, the Jeu de Paume Art Museum in Paris was used as a central storage and sorting depot for looted artworks from museums and private art collections throughout French republic pending distribution to various persons and places in Germany. The Nazis confiscated tens of thousands of works from their legitimate Jewish owners. Some were confiscated by the Allies at the terminate of the war. Many ended upwards in the hands of respectable collectors and institutions. Jewish buying of some of the fine art was codification into the Geneva conventions.

Quedlinburg medieval artifacts 1945

Main article: Theft of medieval art from Quedlinburg

In 1945, an American soldier, Joe Meador, stole eight medieval artifacts constitute in a mineshaft near Quedlinburg, which had been subconscious by members of the local clergy from Nazi looters in 1943.

Afterwards he returned to the United States, the artifacts remained in Meador'due south possession until his death in 1980. He fabricated no attempt to sell them. When his older brother and sister attempted to sell a 9th-century manuscript and 16th-century prayer volume in 1990, the two were charged. Still, the charges were dismissed after information technology was declared the statute of limitations had expired.

Alfred Stieglitz Gallery 1946

Three paintings by Georgia O'Keeffe were stolen while on brandish at the art gallery of her husband, Alfred Stieglitz. The paintings were eventually institute by O'Keeffe following their purchase by the Princeton Gallery of Fine Arts for $35,000 in 1975. O'Keeffe sued the museum for their render and, despite a 6-year statute of limitations on fine art theft, a state appellate court ruled in her favor on July 27, 1979.

Dulwich College Flick Gallery Dec 30, 1966

A total of eight Old Master paintings—three each by Rembrandt and Peter Paul Rubens, and one each by Adam Elsheimer and Gerrit Dou—were removed from this London gallery. The paintings were appraised at a combined value of £1.five million (and so US$iv.2 1000000). The thieves entered the gallery by cutting a panel out of an unused door. All of the paintings were recovered past January 4, 1967.

University of Michigan 1967

Sketches by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and British sculptor Henry Moore, valued at $200,000, were stolen while on display in a travelling art showroom organized by the University of Michigan. The sketches were eventually plant by federal agents in a California auction house on January 24, 1969, although no arrests were made.

Izmir Archæology Museum July 24, 1969

Various artifacts and other art worth $5 million were stolen from the Izmir Archaeology Museum in Istanbul, Turkey on July 24, 1969 (during which a night watchman was killed by the unidentified thieves). Turkish police shortly arrested a High german citizen who, at the time of his arrest on August i, had 128 stolen items in his automobile.

Stephen Hahn Art Gallery November 17, 1969

Art thieves stole seven paintings, including works past Cassatt, Monet, Pissarro and Rouault, from fine art dealer Stephen Hahn's Madison Artery art gallery at an estimated value of $500,000 on the nighttime of November 17, 1969. Incidentally, Stephen Hahn had been discussing art theft with other art dealers as the theft was taking place.

1972 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts robbery September iv, 1972

On September 4, 1972, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts was the site of the largest art theft in Canadian history, when armed thieves made off with jewelry, figurines and 18 paintings worth a total of $ii meg (approximately $10.9 million today), including works by Delacroix, Gainsborough and a rare Rembrandt mural. Other than a work at the time attributed to Brueghel the Elder returned by the thieves every bit an effort to start negotiations, the works have never been recovered. In 2003, The Globe and Mail estimated that the Rembrandt alone would exist worth $ane million.

[twenty]
Russborough House 1974–2002

Russborough Business firm, the Irish estate of the late Sir Alfred Beit, has been robbed 4 times since 1974.

In 1974, members of the IRA, including Rose Dugdale, bound and gagged the Beits, making off with nineteen paintings worth an estimated £eight million. A bargain to exchange the paintings for prisoners was offered, but the paintings were recovered later a raid on a rented cottage in Cork, and those responsible were caught and imprisoned.

In 1986, a Dublin gang led by Martin Cahill stole xviii paintings worth an estimated £30 million in total. Sixteen paintings were afterward recovered, with a farther two still missing As of 2006[update].

Ii paintings worth an estimated £three 1000000 were stolen past three armed men in 2001. One of these, a Gainsborough had been previously stolen past Cahill's gang. Both paintings were recovered in September 2002.

A mere ii to three days later on the recovery of the two paintings stolen in 2001, the house was robbed for the fourth time, with 5 paintings taken. These paintings were recovered in Dec 2002 during a search of a firm in Clondalkin.

Kanakria mosaics and the annexation of Cypriot Orthodox Churches following the invasion of Cyprus 1974

Following the invasion of Republic of cyprus in 1974 by Turkey, and the occupation of the northern part of the island churches belonging to the Cypriot Orthodox Church building take been looted in what is described equally "…1 of the most systematic examples of the looting of art since World War Two".[21] Several high-contour cases take made headline news on the international scene. Well-nigh notable was the example of the Kanakaria mosaics, sixth century AD frescoes that were removed from the original church, trafficked to the US and offered for sale to a museum for the sum of U.s.a.$20,000,000. These were afterward recovered by the Orthodox Church post-obit a courtroom case in Indianapolis.

[22] [23]
Picasso works in the Palais des Papes Jan 31, 1976

On Jan 31, 1976, 118 paintings, drawings and other works past Picasso were stolen from an exhibition at the Palais des Papes in Avignon, French republic.

[24] [25] [26]
L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art April 15, 1983

On April xv, 1983, more than 200 rare clocks and watches were stolen from the 50. A. Mayer Constitute for Islamic Art in Jerusalem. Among the stolen watches was one known as the Marie-Antoinette, the most valuable piece of the watch drove made by the French-Swiss watchmaker Abraham-Louis Breguet on social club past Queen Marie Antoinette, it is estimated to be worth $30 million. The heist is considered to be the largest robbery in State of israel. The human responsible for the robbery was Naaman Diller. On November 18, 2008, French and Israeli police officials discovered half of the cache of stolen timepieces in two bank safes in France. Of the 106 rare timepieces stolen in 1983, 96 have now been recovered. Among those recovered was the rare Marie-Antoinette sentry. In 2010, Nilli Shomrat, Diller's widow, was sentenced to 300 hours of customs service and given a 5-yr suspended sentence for possession of stolen property.

[27] [28]
Musée Marmottan Monet Oct 28, 1985

Master article: Musée Marmottan Monet § 1985 theft

On Oct 28, 1985, during daylight hours, 5 masked gunmen with pistols at the security and visitors entered the museum and stole nine paintings from the collection. Among them were Impression, Sunrise (Impression, Soleil Levant) by Claude Monet, the painting from which the Impressionism movement took from. Aside from that as well stolen were Camille Monet and Cousin on the Beach at Trouville, Portrait of Jean Monet, Portrait of Poly, Fisherman of Belle-Isle and Field of Tulips in Holland too by Monet, Bather Sitting on a Rock and Portrait of Monet past Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Young Adult female at the Ball by Berthe Morisot, and Portrait of Monet by Sei-ichi Naruse and were valued at $12 1000000.[29] The paintings were later recovered in Corsica in 1990.[thirty]

University of Arizona Museum of Art Nov 27, 1985 A couple who arrived at the museum presently before it opened for the mean solar day left ten minutes afterward. Guards institute presently subsequently that Willem de Kooning's Adult female-Ochre had been cut from its frame; sketches were made of the couple merely the investigation was unable to make whatsoever progress until 2017, when a New Mexico antique dealer plant the painting in the home of a recently deceased woman for whom he had been contracted to hold an manor auction. After his customers told him the painting was likely a de Kooning, he institute that it had been stolen in 1987 during an Internet search. He contacted the museum, which sent staff the next day to pick it upward.[31]
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum March xviii, 1990

Chief article: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft

The largest art theft, and the largest theft of any private property, in world history occurred in Boston on March xviii, 1990, when thieves stole 13 pieces, collectively worth $300 one thousand thousand, from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. A reward of $v,000,000 was on offering for information leading to their render, merely expired at the end of 2017.

The pieces stolen were: Vermeer'southward The Concert, which is the most valuable stolen painting in the earth; two Rembrandt paintings, The Storm on the Sea of Galilee (his but known seascape) and Portrait of a Lady and Admirer in Blackness; A Rembrandt cocky-portrait etching; Manet'southward Chez Tortoni; five drawings by Edgar Degas; Govaert Flinck's Mural with an Obelisk; an ancient Chinese Qu; and a finial that one time stood atop a flag from Napoleon's Army.

The Scream
(National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design) 		February 12, 1994

Main article: The Scream § Thefts

In 1994, Edvard Munch'south The Scream was stolen from the National Gallery in Oslo, Norway, and held for ransom. It was recovered later in the year.

Kunsthalle Schirn July 28, 1994

Main commodity: Frankfurt fine art theft (1994)

Three paintings were stolen from a German gallery in 1994, ii of them belonging to the Tate Gallery in London. In 1998, Tate conceived of Performance Cobalt, the clandestine buyback of the paintings from the thieves. The paintings were recovered in 2000 and 2002, resulting in a profit of several meg pounds for Tate, because of prior insurance payments.

Mather Brownish's Thomas Jefferson July 28, 1994

While being stored in grooming to be reproduced, the portrait of Thomas Jefferson painted by artist Mather Chocolate-brown in 1786, was stolen from a Boston warehouse on July 28, 1994. Government apprehended the thieves and recovered the painting on May 24, 1996, following a protracted FBI investigation.

Caracas Museum of Gimmicky Art (MACCSI) 1999-2000

The work of Henri Matisse Odalisque with reddish trousers, dating dorsum to 1925 was stolen from the museum and replaced past a bad imitation; this piece of work valued at ten million dollars was recovered in 2012 and returned to the institution two years later.

Cooperman Art Theft hoax 1999

In July 1999, Los Angeles ophthalmologist Steven Cooperman was convicted of insurance fraud for arranging the theft of two paintings, a Picasso and a Monet, from his home in an endeavor to collect $17.5 million in insurance.

Vjeran Tomic Fall, 2000 In France, using a crossbow, ropes, and a caribiner, Tomic bankrupt into an apartment and stole 2 Renoirs, a Derain, an Utrillo, a Braque, and diverse other works worth more than than a million euros. [32]
Nationalmuseum Dec 22, 2000

Main article: Nationalmuseum Robbery

One Rembrandt and two Renoir paintings were stolen from the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, Sweden, afterwards three armed thieves, who had diverted the attending of constabulary by setting off two split car bombs nearby beforehand, broke into the museum and fled using a boat, moored nearby. By 2001, the police had recovered i of the Renoirs and past March 2005 they had recovered the second one in Los Angeles. That year, in September, they recovered the Rembrandt in a sting performance in a hotel in Copenhagen.

[33]
Stephane Breitwieser 2001

Main article: Stephane Breitwieser

Stephane Breitwieser admitted to stealing 238 artworks and other exhibits from museums travelling around Europe; his motive was to build a vast personal drove. In Jan 2005, Breitwieser was given a 26-month prison house judgement. Unfortunately, over 60 paintings, including masterpieces past Brueghel, Watteau, François Boucher, and Corneille de Lyon were chopped up by Breitwieser's female parent, Mireille Stengel, in what police believe was an effort to remove incriminating show against her son.

[34]
Van Gogh Museum December 8, 2002

Master article: Van Gogh Museum § Art thefts

The two paintings Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church building in Nuenen and View of the Ocean at Scheveningen by Vincent van Gogh were stolen from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Two men were convicted for the theft. The FBI Fine art Criminal offense Team estimates their combined value at U.s.$30million. The paintings were recovered from the Naples mafia in September 2016 post-obit a raid on a firm at Castellammare di Stabia, near Pompeii.

[35] [36] [37] [38]
Whitworth Art Gallery April 26, 2003 3 artworks—Vincent van Gogh'south The Fortification of Paris with Houses, Pablo Picasso's Blue Period Poverty and Paul Gauguin's Tahitian Landscape—valued at £4 one thousand thousand were discovered missing by staff at the Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester on the morn of Sunday April 27, 2003. The pieces were stolen any time from 21:00 the evening prior in a heist described as sophisticated by Greater Manchester Police force. The thieves had bypassed the gallery's alert systems, unscrewed the paintings and carried them to a back door, leaving the grounds via a hole in a chain-link fence.

Initially it was speculated the three pieces had been stolen to gild, nevertheless, before long later 02:00 on Monday April 28, police received an anonymous 999 call directing them to a disused public lavatory in the adjacent Whitworth Park, some 200 metres from the gallery. The artworks were discovered in the toilets, rolled upwardly inside a brown cardboard poster tube alongside a handwritten note criticising the gallery's security. (The Whitworth Gallery had in fact updated its security system ii years prior). The pieces suffered pocket-size impairment, with the Van Gogh begetting a small tear in the corner, and the Picasso and Gauguin both water damaged. Nevertheless, all were restored and returned to public view within a matter of weeks. The frames were not recovered.

[39] [40] [41] [42]
The Scream and Madonna
(Munch Museum) 		August 22, 2004

Primary article: The Scream § Thefts

On Baronial 22, 2004, another original of The Scream was stolen—Munch painted several versions of The Scream—together with Munch'south Madonna. This time the thieves targeted the version held by the Munch Museum, from where the 2 paintings were stolen at gunpoint and during opening hours. Both paintings were recovered on August 31, 2006, relatively undamaged. Three men have already been convicted, but the gunmen remain at large. If caught, they could face to eight years in prison.

[43] [44]
Munch paintings theft in Norway March six, 2005

On March 6, 2005, three more than Munch paintings were stolen from a hotel in Norway, including Blue Dress, and were recovered the next twenty-four hour period.

[45]
Kunsthistorisches Museum May 11, 2003

Main article: Cellini Salt Cellar § Theft and return

On May 11, 2003, Benvenuto Cellini'southward Saliera was stolen from the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, which was covered by a scaffolding at that time due to reconstruction works. On Jan 21, 2006, the Saliera was recovered by the Austrian police.

Henry Moore Foundation Perry Green Dec 15, 2005

The artist'south cast of Reclining Figure 1969–seventy, a bronze sculpture of British sculptor Henry Moore, was stolen from the Henry Moore Foundation's Perry Light-green base on Dec 15, 2005. Thieves are believed to have lifted the three.six × 2 × 2 metres (xi.8 × 6.6 × half-dozen.6 ft) broad, 2.i-tonne statue onto the back of a Mercedes lorry using a crane. Law investigating the theft believe it could have been stolen for fleck value.

[46]
Museu da Chácara practise Céu February 24, 2006

On Feb 24, 2006, the paintings Man of Sickly Complexion Listening to the Sound of the Sea by Salvador Dalí, The Trip the light fantastic toe by Pablo Picasso, Luxembourg Gardens by Henri Matisse, and Marine by Claude Monet were stolen from the Museu da Chácara do Céu [pt] in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The thieves took reward of a carnival parade passing by the museum and disappeared into the crowd. The paintings haven't been recovered still.

[47]
São Paulo Museum of Art Dec twenty, 2007

On December twenty, 2007, around v o'clock in the morning, three men invaded the São Paulo Museum of Art and took 2 paintings, considered to be amid the about valuable of the museum: the Portrait of Suzanne Bloch by Pablo Picasso and Cândido Portinari'southward O lavrador de café. The whole action took virtually 3 minutes. The paintings, which are listed as Brazilian National Heritage past IPHAN,[48] remained missing until January eight, 2008, when they were recovered in Ferraz de Vasconcelos by the Police of São Paulo. The paintings were returned, undamaged, to the São Paulo Museum of Fine art.[49] [l]

[51]
Foundation E.Yard. Bührle February 11, 2008

Primary commodity: Foundation E.G. Bührle § Art theft

On February 11, 2008, iv major impressionist paintings were stolen from the Foundation E.G. Bührle in Zürich, Switzerland. They were Monet's Poppy Field at Vetheuil, Ludovic Lepic and his Daughter by Edgar Degas, Van Gogh's Blossoming Chestnut Branches, and Cézanne's Male child in the Red Vest. The total worth of the iv is estimated at $163 1000000.

[52] [53]
Pinacoteca exercise Estado de São Paulo June 12, 2008

On June 12, 2008, three armed men broke into the Pinacoteca do Estado Museum, São Paulo with a crowbar and a carjack around 5:09 am and stole The Painter and the Model (1963) and Minotaur, Drinker and Women (1933) by Pablo Picasso, Women at the Window (1926) by Emiliano Di Cavalcanti, and Couple (1919) by Lasar Segall. It was the 2nd theft of art in São Paulo in half dozen months. On August 6, 2008, two paintings were discovered in the house of i of the thieves and recovered by constabulary in the same city.

[54] [55] [56]
Hübner Palace, Budapest Febr eleven, 2010

Main commodity: Hübner Palace § 2010 theft

On Feb 11, 2010, Rácz Erzsébet, possessor of the painting of Palma il Giovane - Venus with a Mirror, reported a set of robberies. In its course all of her art collection were taken. Amidst other paintings this one besides. The painting: oil, dry out fresco, wooden tablet. Szépművészeti Múzeum (Museum of Fine Arts registration number: 290137.

Musée d'Fine art Moderne de la Ville de Paris May 10, 2010

Principal article: Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris § 2010 theft

On May 20, 2010, the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris reported the overnight theft of v paintings from its collection. The paintings taken were Le dove aux petits pois by Pablo Picasso, La Pastorale by Henri Matisse, 50'Olivier près de 50'Estaque by Georges Braque, La Femme à l'éventail (Modigliani) [fr] by Amedeo Modigliani and Even so Life with Candlestick (Nature Morte aux Chandeliers) by Fernand Léger and were valued at €100 million ($123 meg). The thief was somewhen found to be Vjeran Tomic.

[57] [58] [32]
Venus Over Manhattan June 19, 2012

Main commodity: Dare de Don Juan Tenorio

On June 19, 2012, Salvador Dalí'southward Dare de Don Juan Tenorio was stolen from the then month-sometime Venus Over Manhattan gallery in New York City. The theft was captured on record. The drawing was mailed back to the gallery from Greece, and was displayed for the last day of a x-day show.

[59] [60]
Dulwich Park December 19–20, 2012 A bandage of Barbara Hepworth'due south (5/vi) Ii Forms (Divided Circle) was displayed in Dulwich Park from 1970 until information technology was cutting from it plinth past scrap metal thieves in December 2011. It was insured for £500,000, just its scrap value was estimated at perhaps £750. Southwark Quango offered a reward of £i,000, and the Hepworth Estate increased the reward to £5,000, for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the thieves. [61] [62] [63] [64] [65]
Kunsthal October sixteen, 2012

Main commodity: Kunsthal § Art theft

On October sixteen, 2012, seven paintings were stolen from the museum in Rotterdam. The paintings included Monet's Waterloo Span, London and Charing Cross Span, London, Picasso's Tete d'Arlequin, Gauguin'south Femme devant une fenêtre ouverte, Matisse'south La Liseuse en Blanc et Jaune, De Haan's Autoportrait, and Lucian Freud's Woman with Optics Airtight.

[66]
John Tillmann Jan 18, 2013

Main article: John Tillmann

On January 18, 2013, police in Canada arrested John Marker Tillmann of Fall River Nova Scotia afterwards extensive investigations by Interpol, FBI, RCMP and the US Dept of Homeland Security. The case was mammoth and it took authorities nearly three years to shut the file. Tillmann was sentenced to nine years in prison house for stealing over 10,000 pieces of art-work. In sheer volume, it may be the biggest case of art heist of all time. It was afterwards adamant that Tillmann had acted in concert with his Russian wife and her brother, and that they had travelled extensively posing as security and maintenance workers to gain access to museums. Successfully eluding regime for almost twenty years, the trio had stolen millions of dollars of artifacts in every continent except Commonwealth of australia. Tillmann and his accomplice wife, even raided the Nova Scotia Provincial Legislature in his domicile province, making off with a valuable 200 year old watercolour. He was versatile in his art thefts, non solely concentrating on paintings, but besides known for stealing rare books, statutes, coins, edged weapons, and fifty-fifty a 5,000 year old Egyptian mummy. A university graduate, he was a history buff.

[67]

[68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79]

Sripuranthan Chola Idols January, 2006

Principal article: Sripuranthan Natarajan Idol

In 2006, about viii antiquarian Chola idols, that of Natarajar and Uma Mashewari, Vinayagar, Devi, Deepalaksmi, Chandrashekarar, Sampanthar and Krishnar, were stolen from the Brihadeeswarar temple at Sripuranthan, allegedly on the orders of New York-based fine art dealer Subhash Kapoor, and smuggled to the United States. Of these statues the Natarajar idol was sold to the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra for The states$5.1 1000000 and the Vinayagar idol to the Toledo Museum of Fine art, Ohio, and the Uma Maheswari idol to Asian Civilisation Museum, Singapore. The scandal was exposed by the investigative website Chasing Aphrodite, and received wide coverage in the Indian media. The Australian Government decided to return to idol to India and it was handed over to the Indian Prime number Minister. The other museums as well agreed to render the stolen idols.

[fourscore] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86]
Francis Bacon art in Madrid June 2015, made public in March 2016 5 paintings –said to be of medium-to-small size and worth a combined estimated €30m– by Irish creative person Francis Salary were stolen from the Madrid dwelling of their possessor during his absence in what has been defined every bit the largest contemporary art heist in recent Castilian history. The possessor is the last known love interest of the painter, from whom he had inherited the paintings. The art thieves left no fingerprints and managed to go abroad with the works without setting off whatsoever alarms or raising any eyebrows in i of the city'southward safest and almost heavily monitored districts.

In May 2016 7 people were detained in connection with the case, they stand accused for masterminding the heist and are currently on parole. Nevertheless the artworks (which are believed to remain somewhere in Espana) were non constitute.

In July 2017 three of the five paintings were recovered by the Spanish police.

[87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93]

Notable unrecovered works [edit]

Images of some artworks that have been stolen and have not withal been recovered.

Fictional art theft [edit]

Genres such as crime fiction often portray fictional fine art thefts every bit glamorous or exciting raising generations of admirers. Most of these sources add adventurous, even heroic element to the theft, portraying information technology every bit an achievement. In literature, a niche of the mystery genre is devoted to art theft and forgery. In film, a antic story usually features complicated heist plots and visually exciting getaway scenes. In many of these movies, the stolen art slice is a MacGuffin.[94]

Literature [edit]

  • Author Iain Pears has a series of novels known as the Fine art History Mysteries, each of which follows a fictional shady dealing in the art history earth.
  • St. Agatha's Breast by T. C. Van Adler follows an club of monks attempting to track the theft of an early Poussin work.
  • The Homo Who Stole the Mona Lisa by Robert Noah is a historical fiction speculating on the motivations backside the actual theft.
  • Inca Aureate by Clive Cussler is a Dirk Pitt take a chance about pre-Columbian fine art theft.
  • Author James Twining has written a trio of novels featuring a grapheme chosen Tom Kirk, who is/was an art thief. The third volume, The Gilded Seal is centered on a fictional theft of Da Vinci works, specifically, the Mona Lisa.
  • Ian Rankin'south novel Doors Open centers on an art heist organised by a bored businessman.
  • The Fine art Thief by Noah Charney, a fiction quoting art thefts in history, some plots are based on the real theft of missing Caravaggio from Palermo. Through a character's mouth the author too gave his conclusion every bit how to narrow the circle of suspects for the famous robbery of the Boston Gardner Museum.
  • Chasing Vermeer by Blue Balliett.
  • In The 10th Bedchamber by Glenn Cooper, a fictional town hijacks a train and steals, amongst other artifacts, the Portrait of a Young Homo past Raphael (missing in real life), offer a fictional explanation as to its disappearance.
  • Heist Society past Ally Carter is a immature adult fiction novel depicting teens who rob the Henley.
  • In the manga From Eroica With Love, British Earl, Dorian Carmine, Earl of Gloria, is the notorious art thief, Eroica.
  • Fine art Historian Noah Charney's 2011 monograph, "The Theft of the Mona Lisa: On Stealing the Worlds Most Famous Painting" (ARCA Publications) is a total account of the 1911 theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre Museum.
  • In If Tomorrow Comes by Sidney Sheldon, a very cunning plan to steal a painting past Francisco Goya was watched closely past an Interpol officer, but eventually succeeded.

Film [edit]

  • Topkapi (1964) starring Melina Mercouri, Maximilian Schell, and Peter Ustinov, depicts the meticulously planned theft of an emerald-encrusted dagger from the Topkapi Museum in Istanbul.
  • How to Steal a Million (1966) starring Peter O'Toole and Audrey Hepburn, near the theft from a Paris museum of a fake Cellini sculpture to foreclose its exposure every bit a forgery.
  • Gambit (1966), starring Michael Caine and Shirley MacLaine
  • In one case a Thief (1991), directed by John Woo, follows a trio of art-thieves in Hong Kong who stumble beyond a valuable cursed painting.
  • Hudson Hawk (1991) centers on a cat infiltrator who is forced to steal Da Vinci works of art for a world domination plot.
  • In Entrapment (1999), an insurance agent is persuaded to bring together the world of art theft past an aging master thief.
  • Ocean'southward Twelve (2004) involves the theft of four paintings (including Bluish Dancers by Edgar Degas) and the main plot revolves effectually a competition to steal a Fabergé egg.
  • Vinci (2004), a Smooth art thief is hired to steal Lady with an Ermine by Leonardo da Vinci from the Czartoryski Museum in Krakow and gets his erstwhile partner-turned police officer friend to help him.
  • The Maiden Heist (2009), three museum security guards who devise a plan to steal back the artworks to which they have go fastened after they are transferred to another museum.
  • Headhunters (2011), a corporate recruiter who doubles equally an fine art thief sets out to steal a Rubens painting from 1 of his task prospects.
  • Doors Open (2012), a British goggle box movie based on the novel by Ian Rankin.
  • Trance (2013) Simon, an art auctioneer, becomes involved in the theft of a painting, Goya's Witches in the Air, from his own auction house.
  • The Thomas Crown Matter (1999), When the painting of San Giorgio Maggiore at Dusk by Monet is stolen from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the insurers of the $100 one thousand thousand artwork send investigator Catherine Banning (Rene Russo) to aid NYPD Detective Michael McCann (Denis Leary) in solving the criminal offence.
  • Belphegor, Phantom of the Louvre (2001), A rare drove of artifacts from an archaeological dig in Egypt are brought to the famous Musée du Louvre in Paris. While experts are using a laser scanning device to determine the age of a sarcophagus, a ghostly spirit escapes and makes its way into the museum's electrical system.
  • Woman in Gold (2015), historical drama almost the efforts of Maria Altmann's decade-long battle to reclaim Gustav Klimt's painting of her aunt, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I.
  • St. Trinian's (2007), A group of schoolgirls scheme to steal Johannes Vermeer's Daughter with a Pearl Earring and use the profits to save their school from closure.

Television set [edit]

  • White Neckband (2009-2014), Neal Caffrey, an art thief and suave con creative person, teams up with FBI Amanuensis Peter Burke to catch criminals using his expertise. However, throughout the course of the series, Neal continues to occasionally steal fine art nether a multifariousness of circumstances. Multiple seasons involve a plot arch that revolves effectually a cache of Nazi-looted fine art.
  • Leverage (2008-2012), A coiffure of semi-reformed criminals form a Robin Hood-style organization that helps people no one else tin can help. Many members of the group have flashbacks to various instances of art theft in which they participated. At times, they are required to steal fine art in guild to complete their jobs of aiding drastic people.
  • The Blacklist (2013–2021), artwork and antiquities (stolen or otherwise) is often a big part, if not a central theme, to many episodes in the series. Raymond Reddington has likewise admitted to brokering many deals revolving around stolen art, sculptures, coins, and many other pocket-sized items of artistic value during his time as a criminal mastermind.

Come across also [edit]

  • Digital art theft
  • FBI
  • Interpol
  • Kempton Bunton
  • List of artworks with contested provenance
  • List of stolen paintings
  • Looted art

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  • Boser, Ulrich (2009). The Gardner Heist: The True Story of the World'southward Largest Unsolved Art Theft. Smithsonian. ISBN978-0-06-053117-1. A detailed account of the ongoing investigation into the robbery at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston.
  • Connor, Myles J. (2009). The Art of the Heist: Confessions of a Master Art Thief, Rock-and-Roller, and Prodigal Son. Harper. ISBN978-0-06-167228-6.
  • Cox, Steven (June 19, 2017). "White-Collar Crimes In Museums". Curator: The Museum Journal. 60 (ii): 235–248. doi:x.1111/cura.12197.
  • Dolnick, Edward (2009). The Rescue Artist: A True Story of Fine art, Thieves, and the Hunt for a Missing Masterpiece . HarperCollins. ISBN978-0-06-145183-6. A detailed account of the theft of The Scream past Edvard Munch.
  • McShane, Thomas, with Dary Matera (2007). Loot: Inside the World of Stolen Art. Bohemian House Publishers. ISBN978-1-905379-37-8. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  • Reit, Seymour (1981). The Day They Stole the Mona Lisa. Summit Books. ISBN978-0-671-25056-0.
  • Nicholas, Lynn (1995). The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World State of war. Vintage. ISBN978-0-679-75686-6.
  • O'Connor, Anne-Marie (2012). The Lady in Gilt: The Boggling Tale of Gustav Klimt's Masterpiece, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer . Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN978-0-307-26564-7.

External links [edit]

  • FBI art theft Program
  • Art and Antiques Unit – New Scotland Yard
  • YourBrushWithTheLaw.com – Promotion in Art Theft Sensation
  • world wide web.interpol.int Interpol Lyon, Stolen Works of Art
  • Greatest heists in art history (BBC)
  • The Art Loss Register Archived December 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  • Investigating Stolen Art-The Reason Why by Richards Ellis of AXA 2005
  • Secrets backside the largest fine art theft in history (Gardner Museum theft)
  • ARCA – Clan for Research Into Crimes Confronting Art
  • Chasing Aphrodite – Reports on recent art law-breaking news
  • Museum Security Network – An online clearinghouse for news and information related to cultural belongings loss and recovery
  • Adele'south Wish a 2008 documentary movie dealing with the theft and restitution of five paintings by Gustav Klimt, including the famous "Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I".
  • The Van Eyck Theft guided tour exploring the Van Eyck theft in Ghent in 1934.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_theft

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